Liquid Nitrogen Activities and Projects

Are you looking for an activity or project with liquid nitrogen? This is the most extensive list of liquid nitrogen ideas youre likely to find: Make liquid nitrogen ice cream.Make Dippin Dots type of ice cream.Fill a whistling-style teapot with liquid nitrogen. The liquid will boil, even if you set the tea kettle in a freezer.Make little hovercrafts by freezing small pieces of chalk in liquid nitrogen. Remove the chalk and set it on a hardwood or linoleum floor.Pour some liquid nitrogen into a pot of boiling water to make instant fog. Of course, you can get a much bigger effect if you add liquid nitrogen to a fountain or pool.Place an inflated balloon in the nitrogen. It will deflate. Remove the balloon from the liquid nitrogen and watch it re-inflate as it thaws out. An air-filled balloon will deflate and inflate, but if you use a helium balloon you can watch the balloon rise as the gas warms and expands.Add a few drops of liquid nitrogen to a drink you want to cool. Examples include wine or soda. Youll get a cool fog effect, plus a cool drink.For a party or group, freeze graham crackers in liquid nitrogen. Wave the cracker around to warm it up a bit and eat the cracker. The cracker has an interesting texture, plus people eating crackers will be spouting clouds of nitrogen vapor. Miniature marshmallows also work quite well. The risk of injury from either food is quite low.Freeze a banana in liquid nitrogen. You can use it to hammer a nail.As a demonstration that even antifreeze freezes if its cold enough, solidify antifreeze using liquid nitrogen. Dip a carnation, rose, daisy, or other flower in liquid nitrogen. Remove the flower and shatter its petals in your hand.Use a squirt bottle of water to spray designs into liquid nitrogen vapor.Spin a tub of liquid nitrogen to create a vapor vortex. You can float paper boats or other lightweight objects in the maelstrom.Pour a cup of liquid nitrogen into about a liter of warmed bubble solution to produce a mountain of bubbles.Pour a small amount of liquid nitrogen into a Pringles can and pop the lid on. The vapor will (loudly and forcefully) pop the lid off.B reak an incandescent light bulb (type with a filament). Turn it on in the liquid nitrogen. Cool glow!Bounce a lightweight hollow ball on a hard surface. Immerse the ball in liquid nitrogen and try to bounce it. The ball will shatter rather than bounce.Pour liquid nitrogen onto weeds to kill them. The plant will die with no toxic residue or other harm to the soil.Examine the color change of LEDs under normal temperatures and in liquid nitrogen. The band gap of the LED increases at lower temperature. Cadmium red or cadmium orange—bandgap of Cd(S,Se)—are good choices.Foods high in water will break with a tinkling sound like glass when smashed. Orange segments are a good choice for this project.Insert flexible rubber or plastic tubing into a dewar of liquid nitrogen. The nitrogen will spray out the end of the tubing onto you or the audience, etc. so use care that you have protection on the hand holding the tubing and that there is enough distance at the top of the tubing f or the nitrogen to vaporize before contacting with people. Although the tubing is flexible at room temperature, at liquid nitrogen temperature it becomes brittle and will shatter if hit with a hammer or whacked on a lab bench. If you twist the tubing around itself before putting it in the nitrogen, the tubing will uncoil itself as it thaws, in a sort of serpentine manner.

Frida Is A 2002 Film By Julie Taymor - 1139 Words

Frida is a 2002 film by Julie Taymor that mirrors the life of esteemed artist Frida Kahlo. The first scene of the movie serves only to foreshadow the last scene of the movie, depicting Kahlo lying on bed, being loaded onto the back of a truck. The movie then flashes to the Kahlo’s younger days in 1922 when she was around fifteen years of age. She is shown in a school where she gathers friends to watch Diego Riviera work, this yet again portrays an important facet of Kahlo’s future. We then learn of Kahlo’s relationship with a boy named Alex, a both Physical and emotional relationship. A following scene shows Frida admiring the photos of a photographer who is shortly revealed to be her father. In true fashion Frida is then seen observing a mural on the walls of the school. Alex comes to get her before the two miss the bus, shortly after the film shows Alex and Frida catching up to a bus and jumping on. When the bus they are on passes another the two busses collid e and the bus holding Kahlo is propelled into the side of a stone building, breaking a multitude of her bones, and leaving her in a sleep state for three weeks. The doctors inform Frida and her family that she will most likely not walk again and it is a miracle she survived. When Kahlo is released from the hospital we get the first glimpse of Frida creating her own art, and see her heart being broken when Alex informs her he is leaving. Kahlo then begins to fill her cast with paintings of butterflies. When she isShow MoreRelatedFrida Film Analysis Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesFrida and the Role of Women During the 1930’s and 1940’s, women of the world held virtually one role and one role only†¦homemaker. This was no different for the women of Mexico, except for one woman in particular, Frida Kahlo. Frida refused to accept the current ideals of society and the accepted social norms by engaging in things that few women in history ever had. Frida was involved in politics, she was promiscuous with men and women, she painted pictures of herself in ways that had never beenRead MoreFilm Analysis : Frida Kahlo1181 Words   |  5 Pages I don’t usually watch bright, colorful movies but I definitely would make an exception for Frida. The colors and the score used in the film always heightened a scene’s mood, whether it be joy or despair. The film utilized bright colors so often that their absence had a profound effect when Kalho dealt with loneliness and heartbreak. I’ve always thought Frida Kahlo as an extremely interesting person. In the movie, s he was interesting in her defiance of gender norms and zeal for life. She never letRead MoreFilm Analysis Of The Film Frida, By Julie Taymor963 Words   |  4 PagesDirector, Julie Taymor, released the film Frida on October 25th, 2002. The film is a true story of Frida Kahlo and her husband Diego Rivera, who have been and still are Mexico’s most acclaimed artists. The film was portrayed like Kahlo’s paintings, with vibrant colors that showed her creativity and pride for her Mexican background. Not only did the film contain a deep resonance of dark pain that represented the pain in Kahlo’s life, but also the recognition and acknowledgement of Kahlo’s strugglesRead MoreFrida, By Julie Taymor762 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Frida† the movie was released in 2002 and directed by Julie Taymor. The cast included Salma Hayek as (Frida), Alfred Molina as (Diego Rivera), Ashley Judd, Antonio Banderas, Edward Norton, Mia Maestro, and Geoffrey Rush. The film is a biography of the life of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. She is a woman who came from a very simple background. Kahlo rose to fame as an artist with an unique vision for her craft. She endured a difficult relationship with her husband/mentor Diego Rivera. Many of herRead MoreThe Inspiration of Frida Kahlo Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge. Later another artist emerged with the same ability, Frida Kahlo. She used her life as her canvas; allowed people to view the world from behind the surrealistic doors. In addition, she was able to present self-portraits in many forms, all influenced by a tragic bus accident which led to a broken spine that affected her whole life. Described mostly in the film Frida directed by Julie Taymor, and the bo ok Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo written by Hayden Herrera, Kahlo’s portraits made viewersRead MoreThe Invisible Woman: Female Directors in Hollywood2710 Words   |  11 PagesFilm scholar Louis Gianetti says, â€Å"In the field of cinema, the achievement of the Women’s Movement [of the 1960’s] has been considerable, though most present-day feminists would insist that there is still much to be accomplished in the battle against patriarchal values† (428). Gianetti’s words are an understatement. Women in Hollywood are underrated, underrepresented, and generally shoved into the background of the film industry. However, with film becoming one of the most pervasive and influential

My Personal Taste With The Battle Of The Titans - 2550 Words

Max Eunice Aliso Viejo Middle School English Acc Summer HW 1. The twelve Olympians gained power of the universe by going to war with the titans, the Olympians overthrew the titans and won the war, expelling the titans to the underworld. The victors then proceeded to settle into mount Olympus. 2. My personal taste aligns most with Aphrodite, the goddess of love. The reason being is that I love the life that I have, every last bit of it; however, it wasn t always that way. In sixth grade, I was figuring out who I am, and who I love, my life wasn t what I wanted it to be. My so called â€Å"friends† all of a sudden vanished, and I was alone. By myself. So I forgot about them, your not a real human if you can t accept someone for who they are. Flash forward to today, I have fabulous friends, and while there will always be haters, I have a support system, and have made support systems for kids going through exactly what I was going through. 3. The reason for the cruelty that the gods demonstrated are because they are selfish, self-centered, and only think for themselves, like a dysfunctional family. The myth of Prometheus has multiple examples, for example, the gods torturing Prometheus for stealing the fire that was given to the humans to get them off their back. The gods’ actions are certainly unjustified because of their values. The myth makers perceived powerful people as dictators who abuse their power, so they created the gods to be mean and unjust. 4. One of my favoriteShow MoreRelatedComparitive Study and Sales Promotional Stategies of Titan5644 Words   |  23 Pageslong dominated by public sector organizations like Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd. (HMT) and Allwyn (also famous for its refrigerators once upon a time!), and has now left the pioneers far behind or nowhere in market by private sector enterprises like Titan, Sonata, Ajanta and Timex along with foreign entities jostling for display space in the smallest of shops selling these products. Before the establishment of HMT as the dominant player in the Indian markets initially, the country was solely dependentRead MoreMarketing Plan of Pepsico5504 Words   |  23 Pagesbeing mindful of the rest of the company’s needs. Responsibility and Trust form the foundation for healthy growth. It’s about earning the confidence that other people place in us as individuals and as a company. Our responsibility means we take personal and corporate ownership for all we do, to be good stewards of the resources entrusted to us. We build trust between ourselves and others by walking the talk and being committed to succeeding together. 3. 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It was launched as an on the move drink in a 250 ml straw pack for outdoor consumption, with a tagline - Squeezed to please . ------------------------------------------------- ETL had done some preliminary research before the launch of Onjus. Based on the findings from their research, Onjus was given a sweeter taste compared to the imported juices. But at the same time, an element of bitternessRead MoreStrategic Management at Starbucks14676 Words   |  59 Pagessuch as design, music, the quality of the coffee. However, the fact that Starbucks tries to portray the brand as an authentic coffee shop is to some degree perceived as a marketing affectation to cover the real identity of Starbucks as a corporate titan who has commoditized the concept to target the mass-audience so it would seem that Starbucks is not able to live up to its brand promise. (Schultz, 2008) In February 2007, a leaked internal memo written by founder Howard Schultz showed that he recognizedRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesareas of management Market segmentation Market targeting and positioning Product management Brand management Pricing Channel design and management Retailing and Wholesaling Integrated Marketing Communication Advertising management Sales promotion Personal selling Public relations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketingRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesClick of mouse, people can access instantaneous info and news online †¢ Proliferation of online blogs and social networking sites such as Twitter threaten to make mainstream media a thing of the past †¢ But mainstream media adapting to suit the taste of consumers, still integral part of their lives Mainstream BAD: Comparatively slower in its dissemination of news †¢ Chicago Tribune, official website chicagotribue.com, posts instant news coverage before newspaper hit the newsstands followingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than WomenRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesStored-Program Concept 25 Types of Computer Systems 28 Microcomputers 29 Midrange Systems 30 Mainframe Computers Supercomputers 33 34 Key Types of Software 34 Applications Software 36 An Example of an Application Product Personal Productivity Software Support Software 37 38 41 The Operating System Language Translators 41 43 v vi Contents Third Generation Languages 43 Fourth Generation Languages Markup Languages 46 48 Object-OrientedRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesmotivation for involvement with and analysis of a specific situation. By framing alternative strategic actions and by confronting the complexity and ambiguity of the practical world, case analysis provides extraordinary power for your involvement with a personal learning experience. Some of the potential consequences of using the case method are summarised in Exhibit 1. As Exhibit 1 suggests, the case analysis method can assist active learners in the development of their analytical and judgement skills.

Native Americans During Westward Expansion Essay - 1592 Words

During westward expansion, the Native Americans got kicked to the side. The settlers coming west often saw the Indians as a threat to them and their families. However, this was not the main reason the Indians were pushed aside. The settlers saw the Indians had fertile land and wanted it for themselves. The Indians were the opposite of what the settlers thought they were. The Indians often helped the people moving west across the plains; giving them food, supplies, and acting as guides. However, the U.S. Government did not see this side of the Indians, instead they forced the Indians onto reservations. During the time of the expansion of the United States to the present, the Native Americans went through many things so that the United States could expand; they were pushed onto reservations, and forced to give up their culture through the Ideas of Manifest Destiny and Social Darwinism. Despite that, the United States government told the Indians that they would not invade their lands. T hey soon heard that the Indians had fertile land and decided to allow settlers to move west. â€Å"After hearing tales of fertile land and a great mineral wealth in the West, the government soon broke their promises established in the Treaty of Fort Laramie by allowing thousands of non-Indians to flood into the area.†. (Victoriana) To make more land available to the settlers the government had to make reservations that would separate the Indians from the whites. In exchange for the Indians moving toShow MoreRelated Native American Boarding Schools During the Westward Expansion607 Words   |  3 PagesNative American Boarding Schools During the Westward Expansion People know about the conflict between the Indians cultures and the settlers cultures during the westward expansion. Many people know the fierce battles and melees between the Indians and the settlers that were born from this cultural conflict. In spite of this, many people may not know about the systematic and deliberate means employed by the U.S. government to permanently rid their new land of the Indians who had lived theirRead MoreEssay On Manifest Destiny1551 Words   |  7 PagesManifest Destiny was a widely spread belief that settlers in the United States should expand across North America. It was the belief that fueled the westward expansion. The westward expansion led to many other events in and around the United States. Before Manifest Destiny and the westward expansion the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War took place which allowed America to declare independence. Manifest Destiny was a big influence on the evolution of transport and technology. Before weRead MoreEffects Of Westward Expansion715 Words   |  3 PagesWestward expansion was a time of successes and failures, a time celebrations and grief, a time full of life and death but in the end it shaped how America is the way is today. Westward expansion was put in action because of the belief of Manifest Destiny, the belief that it is America fate to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific ocean. The economical, political and humanitarians impacts were necessary to achieve the goal of manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion. Westward Expansion had the biggestRead MoreManifest Destiny1555 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution Of Transportation Manifest Destiny was a widely spread belief that settlers in the United States should expand across North America. It was the belief that fueled the westward expansion. The westward expansion led to many other events in and around the United States. Before Manifest Destiny and the westward expansion the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War took place which allowed America to declare independence. Manifest Destiny was a big influence on the evolution of transport andRead MoreManifest Destiny And Westward Expansion Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pages1) OUTLINE: I. Topic sentence. Manifest destiny and westward expansion was a tremendous key component to the growth of the nation economically because of the impact it had on native americans, women empowerment, and expanding the population of the country. II. Significance of topic. Americans looked towards the western lands as an opportunity for large amounts of free land, for growth of industry, and pursue the manifest destiny. III. List of evidence related to topic. The railwaysRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay735 Words   |  3 Pagesaffect on Modern United States During the mid 1800’s America was at a peak of nationalism, which involved their religious beliefs. Manifest destiny describes the attitude of a white man in America during the 19th century, involving their desire for evangelization, white supremacy, and westward expansion. To a majority of the Americans, manifest destiny was a proud accomplishment they would be faced with. Manifest destiny had a negative impact on the Native Americans, however, it was prosperous forRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesDestiny Westward expansion was a key component that shaped the United States not only geographically, but economically as well. The first sign of any expansion West from the original states was when Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. The country was in need of new land in order to accommodate for the expanding population. Once the country started to expand, its power soon followed. The nation had a struggle with expanding because of the Native Americans already livingRead MoreThe European Colonization Of Americas 1620-900 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Essay- Prompt Three INTRODUCTION America would not be the same it is today without the numerous times of territorial expansion from the 17th to 19th century. America started with European Colonization in the 17th century, its borders were defined in the 18th century, and America extended from a coast to coast nation in the 19th century. There is not just expansion of land on a physical map, but also increased political tension and economic growth as America grows as a nation. PARAGRAPH 1(EuropeanRead MoreWestward Expansion Of The United States1477 Words   |  6 Pagesnation consisting of only thirteen states. Over time the leaders of this county recognized that in order to prosper the nation would need to expand beyond the current set borders. Westward Expansion was the only solution, to adopt such a large endeavor meant that the population had to have a reason to migrate west. Expansion had appeal to the Southern land owners for the fact that the Missouri Compromise did not affect territories that were not part of the Louisiana Purchase, while those who did notRead MoreManifest Destiny And American Territorial Expansion Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion, written by Amy S. Greenburg, deeply explains the motivation of the individuals looking to expand their settlements westward. Since the time of publication, we have realized that we could have handled the situation, in which we removed the inhabitants of the west from their homeland, in a better way. Americans believed that it was their God-given right to expand westward by destroying anything in their path. â€Å"†¦courageous

Kim Sung Kim Jong Free Essays

From an early date Korean political culture is characterised by isolationism and a strong desire to maintain the country’s independence (â€Å"Kim Il Sung†, para 2). Relationship with its neighbouring countries are poor and with the countries in the West, are almost equal to zero. Even with such relationships, Korea has been unable to stop the encroachment   of its neighbours. We will write a custom essay sample on Kim Sung Kim Jong or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was made the Japenese protectorate in 1905 and later the number of   Japenese immigrants in Korea have risen so much that the Koreans have become second-class citizens within their own land. Kim Il Sung Kim Il Sung’s real name was Kim Song Ju. He was born in Pyongyang on 15th April, 1912. At the age of   17 he was jailed for being a part of   a student political group led by the South Manchurian Communist Youth Association. After his release from jail he joined the Anti-Japanese United Army. He emerged as a significant leader in this time period and later changed his name to Kim Il Song, in honor of his uncle who participated in nation-wide protests against the Japenese in 1919. Kim Il Sung as a leader After the Second World War the Korean peninsula was divided into two parts, North and South. North Korea was sponsored by Russia while the South was aided by USA. Kim Il Sung was selected to take charge of the formation of a provisional government for the North. Under his leadership the Korean Workers Party was inaugurated. A number of reforms were introduced to the North, including an eight-hour working day, equality of the sexes, and suppression of religion. Land and wealth formerly belonging to the Japanese or to enemies of the regime was confiscated and redistributed, industry was nationalised, and Soviet-style economic planning was initiated (â€Å"Kim Il Sung†, para 12) His opponents within the party were purged to secure his absolute rule. Kim led the military committee, coordinating action against the South Koreans in 1950. With carefully prepared plans and without any warning to the South Koreans, his army swarmed into the South. The war continued for three years and during these three years about three million people lost their lives. Between 600,000 and one million North Koreans needlessly starved to death due to the economic legacy of Kim’s regime. Kim claimed to have won that war but no peace treaty was ever signed. Kim Il Sung, through land reclamation, gave priority to increased agricultural production. He emphasised on trade, developed the country’s infrastructure, and encouraged people to rely on domestically produced equipment. He discouraged them to even think about foreign aid and taught them that self reliance should be the key goal to everyone’s success. From 1972 onwards, North Korea became poorer because it could not afford to buy advance technology from the West and its industrial production declined. A personality cult had glorified Kim, but by the mid-1990s the rapid economic growth of North Korea’s early years had given way first to stagnation and then to hardship, and there was widespread dissatisfaction with the repressive regime (Scalapino Lee p.175) When he died in 1994, the country lost its venerated founding leader. Just a few years earlier, its powerful alliances had evaporated with the fall of the Soviet bloc and China’s move toward a market-based system. The economy was on the rocks and energy and food were in short supply. A series of weather disasters, combined with an inefficient state-run agricultural system, further eroded the food supply, leading to mass starvation (â€Å"Dear Leader or Demon†, para 12) Kim Jong Il Kim Il Sung’s successor, Kim Jong Il, was born on 16th June, 1942. Growing up in a time when anti Japanese revolutionary struggle was at its peak, Kim Jong Il cultivated uncommon characteristics and qualities through his experiences of his real life and practical activities. During his training period under his father’s tutelage in the 1970s, he was often referred to as the â€Å"Party Center,† and he launched a number of campaigns to take over the daily operations of the Party. When he came to power on the death of his father in 1997, Kim Jong-Il ruthlessly set about establishing his own authority. His government is said to be extremely secretive and brutal to dissidents. Kim’s disastrous agricultural and economic policies have caused his people to suffer under one of the world’s longest, deadliest famines. On the domestic front, Kim has given occasional signs that he favors economic reforms similar to those carried out in China by Deng Xiaoping. But at home he has done little or nothing to relax the absolute control of the state and party over all aspects of economic life. He has certainly given no sign of considering the de- collectivization of agriculture, which was the foundation of Deng’s reforms (Chong-Il p. 84). With the sort of image Kim Jong Il carries around with him many analysts thought that the communist regime would finally come to an end in North Korea, but it is almost a decade since he has been in power and still ruling over North Korea and extending his father’s philosophy of Juche. Kim Il Sung’s style of ruling his country according to Stalinism was submerged into his Juche philosophy and later it subordinated into a more militant theme of Kim Jong Il’s Red Banner Policy. Kim Jong Il has been accused of being involved in two bombings; one in Rangoon in 1983 and another in 1987, which killed all passengers in a South Korean airplane.   No evidence directly links Kim Jong Il to the bombings, however, and some analysts believe his father was still firmly in control of international activities throughout the 1980s, while giving his son more power over domestic affairs. He spends more than 25% of his country’s annual GNP on the military while most of the citizens go hungry. Jong Il has also proved himself to be a movie lover and has directed a couple of movies himself and written six operas, while his scientists make nuclear war heads. Kim Il Sung as a Communist In the words of Morelly, the author of the influential treatise Le Code de la Nature, published in 1755: †The only vice which I know in the universe is avarice; all the others, whatever name one gives them, are merely forms, degrees of it. . . . Analyze vanity, conceit, pride, ambition, deceitfulness, hypocrisy, villainy; break down the majority of our sophisticated virtues themselves, [they] all dissolve in this subtle and pernicious element, the desire to possess.† Such economically determined psychology lies at the root of every socialist and communist doctrine (Pipes 2001). Kim Il Sung was one man who was obsessed with gaining power over not only his own people but he went to extremes and even created his own religion so that the people should start worshipping him. When workers of the Korean Workers Party tried to over throw Kim in 1953, the eleven conspirators, who failed in their coup, were not only executed but their properties were confiscated as well. He purged his opponents in all possible ways in order to ensure that he stays in power. Kim Il Sung’s personality was a true speciman of a communist. Russia had an influence over the political system of North Korea right from the onset. Kim Il Sung was highly impressed by the communist rule in Russia and he developed a Marxist-Leninist political ideology that emphasises the need for autonomy and patriotic self-reliance. Called ‘Juche’, or ‘Kim Il Sung Thought’, the ideology demanded total loyalty to the paramount leader and the â€Å"religion of Kim Il Sungism†, and stressed on the benefits of sacrifice, austerity, discipline, dedication, unity, and patriotism. It has been   described as â€Å"encyclopedic thought which provides a complete answer to any question that arises in the struggle for national liberation and class emancipation, in the building of socialism and communism.† The practical effect of Juche was to seal the DPRK off from virtually all foreign trade (â€Å"Kim Il Sung†, para 38). Kim Il Sung’s personality cult was similar to that of   Stalin. In that he was accused of tampering history, tyranny and injustice and self glorification. Kim’s zeal for communsim is evedient from the fact that the North Korean media, which is owned and controlled by the state, promoted Kim’s image as an infallible genius and the driving force behind the resistance to the Japanese and the liberation of the North. Kim had more than 34,000 monuments of himself erected throughout the country. Practice of any other religion except the worship of Kim Il Sung   was outlawed. The official calender started from his birthday and that day was an official holiday too. Kim Il Sung was so obssessed with his ideals that he started to believe in himself in a godly manner. The painters and artists of the country were instucted to paint only his personality in a pompous manner and project it to the rest of the country. All this was believed, by   Kim Il Sung, as not a forceful extension of his one-man show personality to the masses but he had actually started to live in a pseudo-shell of belief   that the citizens of his country actually adored him. In my point of view the personality of Kim Il Sung was a fragment and extension of Stalin. This is supported by the fact that he not only tried to follow him in the way he ruled North Korea but he also sought his help and looked up to him in various matters of   state. In the Korean War of   1950-1953, while South Korea was supported by USA, North Korea was aided by USSR primarily because it was a communist country. Kim Jong Il has proved himself to be a true replica of his father. He has not only ensured the continuity of his father’s policies and reforms but he has also gone to the extent of further subjugating the agrigarian community by spending more on his military might. He has promoted his father’s personality cult by making it a compulsion for each citizen to visit Kim Il Sung’s moseleum atleast once each year and also by paying tribute to the Senior Kim by wearing lapel badges and all those who dare to offend are sent to concentration camps within the country. Kim Il Sung has become so much part of   a North Korean’s daily life that to reject Kim is more like rejecting his own self. Conclusion With 1% of the citizens in concentration camps and 25% of GNP being utilized to further the ruler’s military prowess, North Korea is definitely not in pursuit of a prosperous future. While the exiguity of the basic facilties of life and the over all plight of the nation is being blamed on the West in general and the US in particular, nobody dares to question the extravagent life of the dictators of North Korea. North Korea is going through its worst era right now; with its predominent support/donor, in the shape of USSR, disintegrated and with the West pressing hard on it on the contentious issue of its nuclear programme. References Clark, Carol. (2001). Kim Jong Il, â€Å"Dear Leader or Demon?† Retrieved 13 May 2006 Chong-Il, Kim. (1986). Life and literature. Pyongyang, Korea: Foreign Languages Publishing House. Harris, Bruce. (2004). â€Å"Kim Il Sung†. Retrieved 12 May 2006 Pipes, Richard. (2001). Communism: A History. Random House Publishing Group. R. A. Scalapino and C. S. Lee. (1992). Communism in Korea. Seoul: Ilchokak. How to cite Kim Sung Kim Jong, Essay examples

Corporation Law Valid Contract Agreement

Question: Describe about the Corporation Law for Valid Contract Agreement. Answer: Solution 1 Consideration Issues Whether Richard has a right in law to sue his father and claim his weekly allowance of $200. Applicable law The issue which is aroused amid Richard and his father can be resolved by understanding the elements of contract, more precisely, the application of intention to create legal relationship and capacity of the parties to the contract. A contract is an agreement which is supported by consideration, intention to create legal intentions and capacity of the party to the contract. Once a contract is made then it is enforceable by the parties to the contract. (The Law Handbook 2016) To make a valid contract there must be presence of an agreement which is the combination of an offer and an acceptance. An offer is the communication of the offeror intention to an offeree with a hope that the offeree will confirm to the terms which are communicated to him (Payne v Cave (1789). When an offeree approves an offer without any changes then such an approval is called an acceptance which results in a binding agreement between the parties Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893). (The law Teacher 2016) However, when an offeror and an offer exchange their mutual promises then it is very necessary that such promises must be supported by legal intention. In contract law, every exchange of an offer and acceptance must be made by the parties to abide by the same legally. If the partys does not wish to be bound by such agreement legally then such agreements are not contract irrespective of the fact that all contractual elements are present (Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd (1989). (Clark 2010) In contract law, the general presumption that prevails in regard to intention to create legal relationship principle is that when the parties are in domestic relationship then they do not intent to abide by the contract legally, however, when the parties are in commercial relationship, then the parties intent to abide by the contract legally. In the leading case of Balfour v Balfour (1919) the court held that since the parties are in family relationship thus there is no intention to create legal relationship. (Clark 2010) However, this general presumption is not always true and if evidence can be laid down to the contrary then there can be establishment of valid contract. For instance, if it can be proved that parties in domestic relationship intend to abide by the contract legally then there is valid contract between them. Likewise, if it can be proved that the parties in commercial relationship do not intent to abide by the contract legally then there cannot be any contract between the parties. For instance, in the leading case of Ermogenous v Greek OrthodoxCommunityof SA Inc (2002) the court held that presumptions can be rebutted if evidence can be laid down for the same. (Clark 2010) Thus, presence of legal intention is very important to make a binding contract. Also, another element which is very necessary in order to make a valid contract is that the parties to the contract must be capable to make a valid contract. The offeror and offeree are considered to be able to make a valid contract provided they are not of unsound mind and they have attained the age of majority, that is, they are above 18 years of age. If a contract is made with a party who is not attained 18 years and is thus a minor, then , such contracts has no legal value in the eyes of law and the can be availed by a minor. However, there are two instances when a contract with a minor has legal sanctity in the eyes of law. The same are: When a contract is made with minor for his employment, then, such contracts are valid (De Francesco v Barnum(1890). When a contract is made with the minor for his necessity then such kinds of contracts are also valid (Peters v Fleming(1840) Lastly, the agreement must always be supported by a valid consideration. A consideration is a value which is exchanged amid the parties to support the promises. A consideration need not be absoluter but must be sufficient in order to be valid (Australian Woollen Mills v The Commonwealth (1954). (Moles Sangha 1998) Thus, compliance of all the elements will make a contract valid and binding upon the parties. Application of law After understanding all the relevant principles of law, the same is now applied to the facts of the case. As per the fact, father of the Richard has asked Richard to mow the front yard and backyard of the family property and keep it tidy in exchange of a weekly allowance of $ 200. It is submitted that an offer was made by the father of Richard which was duly accepted by him for a valuable consideration of $200. However, considering Richard as minor, it is important to analyze whether the contract is valid. It is submitted that Richard was impoverished and it is presumed that he is minor. In such scenario, a contract with minor for his necessity is valid and is binding upon the parties. Considering the law in De Francesco v Barnum(1890) Peters v Fleming(1840), it is submitted that the contract amid Richard and his father is valid on the ground of capacity. Also, it is important to analyze whether the contract is valid provided the parties are in domestic relation. By applying the law in Ermogenous v Greek OrthodoxCommunityof SA Inc (2002), it is submitted that though both the parties are in family relationship, that is, they hold a father-son relationship, but the circumstances of the case depict that they intent to abide by their contract legally. Thus, there is an intention to create legal relationship. Thus, all contractual elements are present in the given case. Conclusion It is thus submitted that all the elements of a valid contract are present and the parties intent to abide by the contract legally, thus, there is a valid contract that is established amid the parties. Solution 2 Non-compete Clause Issues The main issue that is present in the given factual scenario is Can Frre Bros sue Joe for non-compliance of the contractual terms amid the parties and if Yes, then what are the remedies that can be availed by Frre Bros against Joe. Applicable law The raised issue can only be evaluated by understating the legal implication of non-compete clauses in a valid contract. A valid contract is made when all the elements of a contract are present, such as, agreement (offer and acceptance), consideration, legal intention of the parties and capacity of the parties to the contract. When a valid contract is made then both the offeror and the offeree has an obligation to comply with the terms and conditions which are mentioned in a contract. (The Law Handbook 2016) Generally, in employment contracts, an employer tries to protect his confidentiality and good will by incorporating a non-compete clause in the contract. A non-compete clause is a clause which aims at restricting an employee to deal in similar kind of business activities at some other region or for a limited time period. An employee cannot undertake n the employers business activities to such an extent which is made part of the contract and to which he has agreed to. The basic reason for the incorporation of non-compete clauses are: (Hopgood Ganim 2016) To maintain the confidentiality and secrecy of the employers business. Generally, when an employee is working with an employer then he is aware of some of the confidential information of such business. In order to protect such confidentiality which he might lose if the employee will start working somewhere else, for instance, with the competitor of the employer, an employer may rely on a non-compete clause and restrict the employee to provide such confidential information to someone else (AGA Assistance Australia Pty Ltd v Tokody (2012). An employer may incorporate the clause in order to protect the good will of the business. Normally, it is believed by an employer that of the employee states similar business to which an employer is engaged in, the employee may hamper the good will of the business. In order to protect such good will of the business, the incorporation of non-compete clue is valid. If the incorporation of the non-compete clause is necessary for the legitimate interest of the business then such clauses are absolutely valid in law and must be availed by an employer. However, non-compete clauses are only valid when; They are in favor of the public policy. If the non-compete clauses are framed in such a manner so that they are not in favor of the public policy then the clause has no legal sanctity in law (Spencer v Marchington (1988). Such clauses must be incorporated for some limited time periods and not for an infinite time frame. Generally a restriction of up to two years is considered to be valid in nature. A restriction beyond two years is not valid unless the employer proves that the restriction is very necessary for the legitimate interest of his business. In the leading case of Smith v Nomad Modular Building Pty Ltd (2007) it was held by court that generally the non-restrain clause is up to 3 years and a restrain above three years is invalid unless and until there are specific reasons to justify the same. (Mayor 2016) If the employer is not able to comply with the non-compete clause that is imposed upon him, then the employer is liable to sue such an employee and various remedies can be attained by him. Such as: (Mayor 2016) Damages, Injunction Application of law After understating the law that is applicable in the given situation, the same is applied to the facts of the case. As per the facts, a contract was established amid Joe and Frre Bros. the contract was made amid them for five years according to which Joe will provide his services to Frre Bros exclusively and he is restricted to act in any film which is of some other company. Thus, Joe is an employee of Frre Bros for five years and a non-compete clause was imposed upon him for five years. However, the clause was volatile by Joe in the very first year when he entered into a contract to star in a film being made by Pretty Pictures. It is submitted that the non-compete clause is valid amid Joe and Frre Bros provided the clause is not against the public policy and is for a limited time frame. As per the law laid down in Smith v Nomad Modular Building Pty Ltd (2007) a limitation of above two years is generally held to be against the policy of the public and is not valid clause. Thus, considering the same the law could be held invalid. But, the clause will be binding upon the parties if Frre Bros can establish that the clause is required for the legitimate interest of the company and to maintain the good will of the company. However, if the clause is held to be valid, then Frre Bros can sue Joe and can claim remedies from him in the form of injunction and damages. Conclusion It is submitted that Frre Bros can sue Joe if it is proved that the non-compete clause of five years is valid and is in the legitimate interest of Frre Bros. Otherwise, the clause is invalid as the restriction was for a long period of time. Reference List Brooks A (2001) The Limits Of Competition: Restraint Of Trade In The Context Of Employment Contracts(online). Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2001/27.html#fnB9. [Viewed on 11th September 2016]. Brown M (2016) non-compete clause https://www.mayerbrown.com/files/uploads/Documents%5CGuide%20to%20Restrictive%20Covenants/MB_rest_cov_asia.pdf. [Viewed on 11th September 2016]. Clark J (2010) Intention to create legal relations (online). Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-intention.html. [Viewed on 11th September 2016]. Hopgood Ganim (2016) Non-compete Clause (online). Available at: https://www.hopgoodganim.com.au/page/Publications/Industrial_and_Employment_Law_Alert_Recent_court_case_provides_clues_to_successfully_enforcing_non-compete_restraint_obligations_-_31_Aug_2012/. [Viewed on 11th September 2016]. Moles Sangha (1998) consideration (online). Available at: https://netk.net.au/Contract/04Consideration.asp. [Viewed on 11th September 2016]. The law HandBook (2016) Elements of contract (online). Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/. [Viewed on 11th September 2016]. The Law Teacher (2016) cases on formation of contract offer (online). Available at: https://www.lawteacher.net/cases/contract-law/agreement-cases.php. [Viewed on 11th September 2016]. Case law) Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd (1989). AGA Assistance Australia Pty Ltd v Tokody (2012). Australian Woollen Mills v The Commonwealth (1954) Balfour v Balfour (1919) Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893). De Francesco v Barnum(1890). Ermogenous v Greek OrthodoxCommunityof SA Inc (2002) Payne v Cave (1789). Smith v Nomad Modular Building Pty Ltd (2007). Peters v Fleming(1840) Spencer v Marchington (1988).

Helping Todays Youth Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

Helping Today? s Youth Essay, Research Paper In today? s society, a troubled adolescent or arch stripling is labeled a juvenile delinquent. Yet the current definition of a juvenile is based entirely upon, most of the times, on stereotypes. A delinquent may be a troublesome adolescent with complicated jobs at place, school, or with friends. He may hold utmost physical and/or emotional demands, or he may merely be a kid who committed a simple error. ? Was he luckless to acquire caught making something foolish? Did he run off from place because of household problems or to show independency? What sort of aid does he necessitate and precisely how much? ? ( Erickson 126-127 ) . At this point, a probation officer helps in doing determinations that have an of import and good impact on the lives of those called? delinquents? ( Erickson 7 ) . Probation can be defined in two different ways: as an organisation or a procedure. As an organisation, probation is? a service bureau designed to help the tribunal and execute certain services in the disposal of condemnable justice. ? As a procedure, probation is? an probe for the tribunal and the supervising of individuals in the community? ( Carter and Wilkins 77 ) . Sing the diverse definitions on the topic of probation, the myths and truths about the juvenile justness system can besides be found. Although juvenile offense is a serious national job, Marcia Satterthwaite, a societal worker, criticizes the effectivity of the legal system as a whole. She claims that the system has been losing its confidentiality between the officer and the client, that it does non deter offense efficaciously, that penalty should be more rigorous, and that there is a? deficiency of focal point? on the demand to protect society from the juvenile ( 61-63 ) . Harmonizing to Satterthwaite, unsafe kids are released to perpetrate even more Acts of the Apostless of offense. Ron Boostrom, a probation officer working for the metropolis of Los Angeles, agrees that in the terminal, ? the delinquent is dumped back into the same household, the same community, and the same jobs that existed before the? rehabilitation? ? ( 246 ) . Boostrom believes that the juvenile system teaches these childs the trade of offense, to hatred, and even go dedicated to acquiring even with the society that excluded them in the first topographic point ( 238 ) . The truth is that the major cause of low self-pride is due to the juvenile? s milieus. In most instances, subject, supervising, and fondness tend to be losing in the place itself ( Satterthwaite 180 ) . If probation officers would non be able to communicate to others about the juvenile, the officer would hold no beginnings of information and would be left without an thought as to how to near a end for the kid. If penalty were to be harsher and juveniles were to be treated and sentenced as grownups, taxpayers? disbursals would increase. Longer sentences for juveniles cost taxpayers more but do non needfully give better consequences, while bar plans work more expeditiously than imprisonment and cost much less. To maintain a adolescent locked up for a twelvemonth cost more than $ 30,000. Harmonizing to Mike Males, this sum of money is able to cover 10 striplings? part-time occupations, a probation officer to work with 25 juveniles, coach one hundred kids falling behind in their surveies, or supply ? recreational options? for two hundred kids with nil to make after school ( 1 ) . Delinquents are kids who? have been pushed beyond the bounds of their abilities, desires, and outlooks? ( Erickson 127-129 ) . Normally, they seem to desire and necessitate subject and way and perpetrate the offense either for attending, wonder, exhilaration, retaliation, or peer force per unit area and credence ( 137 ) . Over clip, these juveniles tend to mature and turn out of their delinquent stage to be able to acquire off from a life of offense ( 140 ) . Although probation can be exciting and carry throughing for the probation officer, Erickson states that it can besides be really frustrating and detering because of the clients and the system ( seven ) . At the beginning of the occupation, officers are committed and really dedicated to assisting troubled kids become successful grownups. They visit the wrongdoer? s household, they interview and communicate with school decision makers, and they go highly involved in the mundane lives of those juveniles ( Satterthwaite 53 ) . With one client, officers have a great sum of work to take attention of, but when the probation sections assign an mean caseload of about 40 juveniles per officer, it becomes more hard to give a sufficient sum of attending to each person kid. ? While most probation officers have maestro? s grades and can supply both household and group therapy # 8230 ; probation sections are grossly short-handed and underfunded? ( Satterthwaite 57 ) . After reaching a client, talking to persons who know the wrongdoer, doing an lineation as to how to travel approximately in order to assist the juvenile, fixing studies on informations of tribunal, school, constabulary apprehension sheets, and old probation studies, doing determinations as to whether the kid should travel to tribunal or whether an understanding can be reached between the student nurse and probationee, sing places, doing tribunal visual aspects and a great sum of telephone calls, a probation officer is frequently worn out and disillusioned ( Whitehead 37-39 ) . In some instances, some probation officers become convinced that societal work is an business that has no wages or significance, some return to more traditional casework scenes, and some remain in this field. Those who decide that they will stay in the juvenile justness system, are most normally criticized for being uneffective. Three major phases describe the procedure of a probation officer? s occupation: one, ? toughening-up? , two, ? mellowing? , and three, ? burning-out? . Burn-out is one of the most common jobs of probation caused by? big caseloads, low wage, small preparation, and unequal community resources? ( Whitehead 3-9 ) . Though officers effort to give equal sums of supervising to each kid and supply good impact on a juvenile, the instability of excessively many clients and either excessively much or non plenty contact with them can do emphasis for the officer and a deficiency of motive for the client ( 41 ) . When an officer can non look to divide his or her personal jobs from those of a client, imbibing dependences, emphasis, and other occupational jeopardies seem to ensue in their lives ( Erickson 33 ) . Along with the probation officer losing control of his ain life, the delinquent, excessively, appears to perpetrate more condemnable Acts of the Apostless because of the deficiency of attending and subject. In order to extinguish the most common troubles that exist in the probation business, alterations are necessary in non merely the system itself, but besides in the attitudes and behaviours of the juvenile and officer. One of the most of import ends is to forestall kids from go againsting any farther so they can go responsible and successful grownups. The 2nd most of import end is to protect society from the condemnable Acts of the Apostless of kids. Parents need to learn kids self-control by supervising the kid? s behaviour, acknowledging the different behaviours when they occur, and penalizing those which are unacceptable ( Boostrom 181 ) . Through instruction, intervention, and fondness, bar of condemnable Acts of the Apostless reaches juveniles and assists them into a healthier and better life. To be able to utilize these constituents at the earliest phase possible, is to maintain these adolescents off from of all time come ining the juvenile justness system in the first topographic point. With the aid of instruction, preparation, and support for the staff, probation officers can be better prepared to take on diverse instances of all types ( Anonymous 1-2 ) . The juvenile justness system demands betterment. Probation officers, Judgess, and household members need to do effectual determinations about who should truly be incarcerated and/or receive probation. If an discourtesy made is non highly serious and the client and officer can hold on a penalty, the kid does non necessitate to show himself upon a justice. If either the client or officer want to do an visual aspect in tribunal, an understanding can non be reached, or menaces have been made affecting either parties or others, a tribunal determination is most suggested ( Carter and Wilkins 142 ) . In add-on, to doing the right picks, good community plans are besides necessary to put delinquents in a better environment to be able to win. Though juveniles tend to steal, trespass, battle, imbibe, take drugs, usage profanity, run off from place, and miss school, many solutions were being thought about to forestall these defects ( Erickson 125 ) . The first has already been mentioned and trades with? toughening up? and puting juveniles in grownup tribunals. Harmonizing to Satterthwaite, taking wrongdoers from society for longer periods of clip will cut down offense. Those who have non committed a serious offense will come to the realisation of the possible penalties ( such as life in prison, the decease punishment, etc. ) . Violent wrongdoers would be less likely to reiterate their offenses by larning from their first lesson ( 64-65 ) . Nationally, 38 % of juveniles are charged with a violent offense, 41 % are charged with offense against belongings, and the staying 15 % on drug charges. Fifty-seven per centum of those arrested for the first clip did non reiterate an act of offense, 27 % got arrested one time or twice more, and 16 % went on to go? chronic wrongdoers? ( See Appendix ) . Though these figure figures may demo a measure to success, it is five times more likely for a juvenile to be sexually assaulted, two times more likely to be beaten by staff, and a 50 per centum opportunity that they will be attacked with a arm in an grownup installation. When released, juveniles turn into violent felons because of the insensibility they suffered in prison ( Satterthwaite 67-69 ) . A 2nd solution was so proposed in which immature wrongdoers would be rehabilitated, to put them in community organisations. Boot cantonments, for illustration, are school-based ambiances that teach childs self-discipline, increase self-pride, supply exercising and guidance chances, and aid develop them for a G.E.D. Angstrom plan called High Impact emphasizes teamwork, provides life and occupation accomplishments, and physiques a sense of personal and community achievements ( Satterthwaite 70-71 ) . The Girls and Boys Clubs of America aid young person? take part in stru ctured recreational and instruction activities, concentrating on personal development, communicating sweetening, job resolution, and determination devising accomplishments? ( Thornberry 5 ) . With this plan, 1990 statistics prove that 90 % of the young person attended one time a hebdomad or more, 26 % attended on a day-to-day footing, 48 % showed betterment in the academic country, 33 % showed improved classs, and another 33 % had much better attending ( 6 ) . Juvenile hall is besides another option. Although it includes school attending during the twenty-four hours, educational plans, and voluntary services, this method is excessively expensive. In 1996/97 entirely, 5,967 bush leagues had been locked up, 5,024 were males and 943 were females ( Anonymous 1-3 ) . Costing an norm of $ 108 per twenty-four hours, per kid, taxpayers are paying $ 644,436 mundane. Alternatively of utilizing so much money inefficiently, a bigger solution can be reached. A Young person Aid Panels plan helps to make kids before they commit offenses in the first topographic point. This specific plan is made from a group of citizens who are trained to manage instances affecting first-time wrongdoers or juveniles who have committed minor offenses. These trainers act as probation officers when seeking to work out declarations with the wrongdoer, but alternatively, they get the kid involved with the community, and the community with the kid ( Satterthwaite 73-74 ) . The people of this organisation non merely look at the safety of the populace, but they attempt to assist adolescents recognize where they stand and what they demand to make to better. When these juveniles are eventually released from probation, aftercare is needed. Still, more monitoring and support has to take topographic point by working with household, by maintaining a better oculus on the juvenile at school, and by forestalling hereafter jobs. Satterthwaite provinces, ? America? s success # 8230 ; depends non so much on specific jobs for penalizing # 8230 ; but on our overall willingness to put in the state? s young person? ( 75 ) . In truth, the success or failure rate of the juvenile justness system depends entirely upon the attempt put in by both the probation officer and client. The officer can state the offender what to have on, who he can and can non speak to, what clip he has to be place at, and what regulations he has to populate under ( Satterthwaite 57 ) . If the wrongdoer decides to disobey, subject is required. In 1948-1950 a survey was done on 5,020 juveniles who had been placed on probation and had been antecedently convicted. The figure of male childs was more than nine times that of misss, 4,586 males versus 434 females ( See Appendix ) . In the procedure, surveies proved that non merely were the bulk of juveniles convicted for community discourtesies against belongings, but that towards the terminal of the test and mistake experiment, the success rates were by and large higher for females than those for males, and for those who were older instead than younger ( Radzinowicz 4-5 ) . Wrongdoers were released and normally tend to be released from probation in two ways. The first is early expiration based on good advancement and the 2nd is expiration based on completion of the full period of supervising originally given ( Radzinowicz 44 ) . The 2nd instance survey was performed in November of 1975 for a period of three old ages. The survey was used to compare the effectivity of traditional probation processs and analyze the consequences. Often, consequences were encouraging, particularly when there was a good relationship between the social worker and client. The Concerted Behavior Demonstration Project ( CBDP ) was designed for behavior alteration and transactional analysis ( TA ) intervention. It was used to analyse the sum of intervention given to the client, compare the probation system to other methods of intervention, better the result of social worker and client, and develop a manner to assist probation sections aid juveniles ( Jesness 1-3 ) . In order to be able to carry through these ends, a great sum of information was needed to be collected. The social worker needed to be observed, background, psychological, and behavioural informations needed to be analyzed and carefully evaluated. From the clients, there was a broad scope of factors that influenced statistics of the rates of success and the rates of failure. Although the theoretical account age for this experiment was 16 old ages of age, clients were every bit immature as eight and every bit old as 22. Ethnicity besides varied. Fifty-two per centum were white, 30 % were black, 13 % were Mexican-American, and the staying 5 % were other groups. Of all the juveniles, 81 % consisted of males while a really low 19 % were females. Covering with economic system and household position, 13 % were found to have aid from the public assistance plan, 90 % were already populating with a household of their ain, 54 % with both parents, and 36 % with lone either the female parent or male parent. The balance either lived in surrogate places or with a relation. After much survey, the group of officers found that 69 % of the striplings had a job with being awol from school, 84 % were sent to the principal? s office for misbehaviour, 73 % were suspended, 50 % had run off from place, 39 % vandalized edifices, 45 % fought in pack related activities, and 60 % were involved with drugs. Along with the clients runing in everything from age to instruction position, the officers involved in the experiment besides varied. Military officers were anyplace between the ages of 23 to 25 old ages old. Seventy-eight per centum were male and 22 % were female. Eighty-seven per centum were white, 7 % were Mexican-American, 4 % were black, and 2 % were Oriental. Education degrees for these officers ranged from 16 % holding a maestro? s grade, 38 % traveling beyond the unmarried man degree, 44 % holding a four-year grade, 2 people with a biennial grade, and overall, the mean length of experience was five and a half old ages ( Jesness 6-9 ) . Out of 152 juveniles, 56.2 % expressed a high positive respect by holding their job behaviour remitted and 36.5 % expressed a low positive respect without rectifying their behaviours. After a six month follow-up, of 71 wrongdoers, 11 % had failed with a high positive respect and of 60 wrongdoers 33 % failed with low positive respect. In cases where at that place existed a common liking and high positive relation, merely 19 % of the officer? s instances failed. In cases where at that place existed a common disfavor, 40 % of the instances failed ( 21-22 ) . Data proved that it was non needfully the social worker? s personality or attitude that helped the clients, but the fact that he did or did non make ? equal eventuality undertaking? with a peculiar client that made the greatest difference ( 21 ) . Caseloads of more than 50 clients were ever on call from school principals, constabularies, Judgess, attorneies, and parents to be able to vouch effectual intervention, but basic services were performed ( 28 ) . In truth, job behaviour remittal was made possible by holding more concerted parents, instructors, and equals, irrespective of the type of intervention provided. The job with the juvenile justness system is genuinely a major issue when covering with the United States. As seen over clip, the juvenile delinquency rates have increased, traveling anyplace from 100s of kids to the many 1000s recognized today. Although more and more kids are being placed on probation, in most instances, a lesson is non learned and the juvenile merely goes back to the same bad wonts. Through the many solutions being proposed, the procedure is a? test and mistake? based experiment. When one solution seems to neglect, another is thought about to assist do a difference in a juvenile? s life. Money and control are two factors that do non impact the behaviour alteration. Males provinces, ? Merely by assailing the conditions that lead childs to crime-social ailments: poorness, force, drug maltreatment, dysfunctional households, and neglecting schools-can the state genuinely protect its most cherished resource, its kids? ( 75 ) . Talking with Ceasar Arambula, a Los Angeles county healer, he states that out of all the delinquents and kids placed on probation, merely approximately 15 % really win. Although the figure figure is really low, the condemnable jurisprudence field is? the field of the hereafter? and more probation officers will be needed to help in doing a kid? s life that of a successful grownup. WORKSs Cited Anonymous. ? Juvenile Institutions. ? Probation Department. 30 June 1997: 3 pp. On-line. Internet. 11 June 1999. Available World wide web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.co.alameda.ca.us/probation/detail009.htm. Anonymous. ? Statement of Juvenile Officer? s Philosophy. ? 3 pp. On-line. Internet. 11 June 1999. Available World wide web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.slnedu.com/sites/16circrt/philsphy.htm. Arambula, Caesar. Personal interview. 16 June 1999. Boostrom, Ron. Digesting Issues in Criminology. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc. , 1995. Carter, Robert M. , and Leslie T. Wilkins. Probation, Parole, and Community Correctionss. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. , 1976. Erickson, Charles L. Introduction. Perils of Probation. By Erickson. Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas, 1980. Erickson, Charles L. Perils of Probation. Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas, 1980. Jesness, Carl F. , et Al. ? An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Contingency Contracting with Delinquents. ? Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency ( 1975 ) : 1-30. Males, Mike. ? Fact Sheet: Juvenile Justice. ? 2 pp. On-line. Internet. 11 June 1999. Available WWW: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rt66.com/~nmcc/juv.htm. Radzinowicz, L. LL. D. The Results of Probation. Vol. X. New York: St Martin? s Imperativeness, 1958. Satterthwaite, Marcia. Juvenile Crime. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1997. Thornberry, Terence P. , and James H. Burch II. ? Gang Members and Delinquent Behavior. ? Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. May 1997: 9 pp. On-line. Internet. 11 June 1999. Available World wide web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.connect.more.net/lists/mo-caring/1998.11/0008 # 8230 ; Whitehead, John T. Burnout in Probation and Corrections. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1989. Plants Consulted ? No. 353. Juvenile Apprehensions for Selected Discourtesies: 1980-1996. ? Statistical Abstract of the United States. 118th erectile dysfunction. Austin, Texas: Hoover? s Business imperativeness, 1998. ? Motion of Youth Authority Parole Population, California, 1990-1997. ? California Statistical Abstract. Sacramento, CA: State of California, 1998. Appendix Age and Sex of Offenders Put on Probation The Results of Probation. Chart. New York: St Martin? s Press, 1958. 331