Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Example
Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Example Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Air pollution is really the add-on of any harmful substances to the ambiance. which causes the damaging of the environment. human wellness and the quality of life. Air pollution has been a serious job throughout the history. This can hold series consequence on the wellness of human existences. Every twenty-four hours. the mean individual inhales about 20. 000 litres of air. Every clip when we breathe in we inhale unsafe substances. These unsafe substances can be in the signifier of gases or atoms. Beginnings of Air pollution: Natural beginning Artificial beginning Natural beginnings: Natural air pollution does non happen in copiousness and besides possesses small menace to wellness of the peoples and ecosystem. Volcanic eruptions. Forest fires. Biological decay of organic affairs are some of the natural causes of air pollution. Artificial beginnings: The adult male made grounds for air pollution are vehicular emanation. combustion of waste merchandises. thermic power workss. industries and refineries. Vehicular emanations are responsible for 70 % of the country’s air pollution. * Bharat phase 1 to 4 emanation norms are emission criterions that focus on modulating pollutants released by cars. Most sulphur dioxide comes from power workss that use coal as their fuel. Automobiles produce about half of the N oxide. When wood. family refuse. plastic. or foliages are burned. they produce fume and release toxic gases. The fume contains bluess and solid compounds suspended in the air called particulate affair. The particulate affair and toxic gases released during combustion can be really annoying to people’s wellness. Peoples who are exposed to these air pollutants can see oculus and nose annoyance. take a breathing trouble. coughing. and concerns. Peoples with bosom disease. asthma. emphysema. or other respiratory diseases are particularly sensitive to air pollutants Major air pollutants: Sulphur oxide Nitrogen oxide Carbonmono oxide Decomposition of organic affairs. * India emits the 5th most C of any state in the universe. * The Bhopal gas calamity is one of the world’s worst industrial catastrophes that killed about 8. 000 people in December 1984. Air pollution can adversely impact human wellness non merely by direct inspiration but indirectly by other paths through H2O. nutrient and tegument infections. Health jeopardies due to air pollution: Cardio vascular diseases Asthma Bronchitis Allergies Lung and bosom diseases. Consequences of Air pollution: 1. Ozone bed depletion 2. Global heating ( Greenhouse consequence ) 3. Acid Rain 4. Smog Ozone bed depletion The ambiance contains a thin bed of ozone about 24 to 40 Km above earth’s surface which protects us from harmful ultraviolet beams of the Sun. The release of chemicals such as CFC widely used in iceboxs has damaged the ozone beds. Ozone monitoring Stationss in Antarctica have already detected mean loss of 30 % to 40 % of entire ozone over the part. Each one per centum loss of ozone is to do an addition of approximately 2 % in UV Radiation. This will cut down the unsusceptibility of the organic structure and cause oculus cataracts and skin malignant neoplastic disease. For the protection of ozone bed. Montreal protocol and Vienna meet of 30 states universe broad agreed to cut down the usage of Chlorofluorocarbons. Global heating Global heating is caused by addition of nursery gases such as carbon-di-oxide. methane. H2O vapor. Chlorofluorocarbons which are responsible for the heat keeping ability of the ambiance. The rapid addition in mean temperature of Earth will do major alterations in conditions form all over the universe. Rise in planetary temperature. will besides ensue in the thaw of polar ice caps glaciers. This in bend will raise the sea degree. Land usage alterations will happen in coastal countries due to sea degree rise. It will do harm to coastal constructions. station installations and H2O direction systems. Global heating besides affects the agricultural forms. Intense tropical cyclone activity has increased in the North Atlantic since about 1970 Heat moving ridges have become more frequent over most land countries. More intense and longer drouths have been observed over wider countries since the 1970s. peculiarly in the Torrid Zones and semitropicss If ocean temperature additions. growing of coral reefs will be affected. The corals control the proportion of C dioxide in H2O by turning them in to limestone shell. Furthermore. coral reefs grow in temperature merely above 10 degree Celsius. Other ecosystems such as woods and desert will besides be harmed. Loss of bio-diversity and extinction of rare species will happen. Acerb Rain: Acid rain was foremost discovered in 1852. This is one of the most of import environmental jobs. caused by indivisible gas given out by cars or coal combustion by power workss. The gases that cause the acid rain are sulphur- di-oxide and nitrogen oxides. Fire and bacterial decomposition are the natural causes which increases N oxide in air. These pollutants combine with H2O vapor in the presence of sunshine and O and signifiers dilute sulfuric and azotic acids. When these mixture precipitates from the ambiance. it is called acid rain. Acid rain falls down to the Earth in all signifiers of precipitation. Sourness in the rain can harm and even destruct both natural ecosystems and semisynthetic merchandises. Acid rains. when falling on oceans. make the coral reefs. This has killed more than 70 % of corals in Lakshadweep and Andaman islands. They besides change the sourness degree of the dirt by leaching important foods. Thus it affects forest flora. The most basic microscopic beings such as plankton may non be able to last. So the sea animate beings depending on planktons will decease and the nutrient concatenation will be affected. Smog: The word smog is a combination of the words fume and fog. Smog causes a smoky dark atmosphere. particularly over metropoliss. it decreases visibleness. and creates regards throughout the country. Smog is caused by many factors. major manufacturers of smog include cars. fires. waste intervention. industries. etc. The articulates present in smog include C monoxide. soil. dust. The smog consequence is created when sunshine. hydrocarbons. N oxide are assorted together smog creates harmful wellness jeopardies like lung failure and pneumonia. Smog is non merely a metropolis job. As smog degree additions. air current carry smog off from urban countries and injury other countries excessively. Agribusiness is besides affected by smog.
Friday, November 22, 2019
How to Conjugate Traverser (to Cross) in French
How to Conjugate Traverser (to Cross) in French The French verb traverser means to cross, as in to traverse something. That makes it a little easier to remember, though youll also need to know how to conjugate the verb. A short lesson will introduce you to the basic conjugations so you can use it in French to say things like I crossed or were crossing. The Basic Conjugations of Traverser French students who have studied other verbs will recognize the conjugation patterns used for traverser. Thats because this is a regular -er verb, meaning it follows the most common pattern found in the French language. If you have studied words like penser (to think) or porter (to carry), the infinitive endings used here will look familiar. The most common conjugations are the imperative mood for the present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Using the chart, locate the correct conjugation by matching the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense for the subject. This will tell you which ending is added to the verb stem of travers-. For example, I am crossing is je traverse and we crossed is nous traversions Present Future Imperfect je traverse traverserai traversais tu traverses traverseras traversais il traverse traversera traversait nous traversons traverserons traversions vous traversez traverserez traversiez ils traversent traverseront traversaient The Present Participle of Traverser Adding an -ant ending to the stem of traverser gives you the present participle of traversant. Traverser in the Compound Past Tense The passà © composà ©Ã‚ is a compound past tense that is often used in French and you might find it easier than the imperfect. Thats because you only need to conjugate the auxiliary verb avoir into the present tense to match the subject, then attach the past participle traversà ©. The construction is rather easy. For example, I crossed is jai traversà ©Ã‚ and we crossed is nous avons traversà ©. Even though avoir is in the present tense, the past participle takes over the job of explaining that the action has already taken place. More Simple Conjugations of Traverser There are a number of other conjugations of traverser and each has a different purpose, but were going to stick with the essentials for this lesson. As you expand your vocabulary, you might want to imply that the action of crossing may or may not happen. In that case, youll use the subjunctive. If, however, the crossing wont happen unless something else does, you can use the conditional. On rare occasions, you might encounter the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive. While theyre not essential additions to your French vocabulary, they are good to know. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je traverse traverserais traversai traversasse tu traverses traverserais traversas traversasses il traverse traverserait traversa traverst nous traversions traverserions traversmes traversassions vous traversiez traverseriez traverstes traversassiez ils traversent traverseraient traversrent traversassent Lets suppose that you need to tell someone to Cross! in an emergency or some other situation that requires a quick, short command. In these instances, you can turn to the imperative form of traverser. When using it, skip the subject pronoun and simply say, Traverse ! Imperative (tu) traverse (nous) traversons (vous) traversez
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Leadership--Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Leadership--Decision Making - Essay Example Their effectiveness is impeded by what a number of scholars see as an avoidance of risk encouraged in the initial period of their profession. Moreover, military leaders usually fail to completely or appropriately recognize the global or diplomatic consequences of their decisions. Military leaders could have influential memories of pleasures, anxieties, failures, or triumphs that they experienced. In most instances, these emotions were beneficial to them. They have their own interests at risk in the decisions they make and the actions they take. If these judgments influence only them, their emotions will aid them in arriving at the appropriate solution. However, when their own interests go against their duties, their decision can be lopsided. Introduction The negative ramifications of taking risks or committing errors alongside lack of awareness about military and political circumstances usually results in wrong decisions. Incorrect decisions can imply strategic failure. Wrong decisio ns by military leaders are not only caused by risk aversion or fear of mistakes, but also by emotional factors. ... This paper will discuss how risk aversion and emotion negatively affect military leaders’ judgment or decision making process. Strategic Decision Making The mission of ambitious strategic military leader at present will be to gain the skill of integrating productively, maybe even combine, the function of strategic diplomatic decision maker with the function of strategic military decision maker (Flowers, 2004). According to Friedman, â€Å"connectivity is productivity†¦ connection enables, disconnection enables†(Granger, 2002, 38); strategic leaders should build settings of regional security by facilitating the formation of democratic mechanisms of the relationship between the military and civilians (Granger, 2002). Hence, as the bound between the military leader and the policymaker becomes more and more intricate, strategic leaders should concentrate on building matching capabilities and an awareness of both their independent and collective duties in the process o f making decisions (Taylor & Rosenbach, 2000) for national security. Risk Evaluation, Assumption, and Aversion Groups of US military leaders are burgeoning without being empowered and with inadequate knowledge of how to evaluate and afterwards be equipped to assume risks for the realization of a military goal (Flowers, 2004). Hence, there is a weakening of the important principle which strengthens every military unit, that is, the audacity to take risks. Risk is defined by FM 100-14 as â€Å"the probability and severity of a potential loss that may result from hazards due to the presence of an enemy, an adversary, or some other hazardous condition†(Granger, 2002, 38). Risk assessment, assumption, and aversion,
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Book reflection--Breath,eyes,memory( Edwidge Danticat,New York,1999) Essay - 1
Book reflection--Breath,eyes,memory( Edwidge Danticat,New York,1999) - Essay Example Breath Eyes Memory, a novel written by Edwidge Danticat, tells of a young, Sophie Caco, who matures up to be a woman as she was delimited by the Haitian culture. The story starts with Sophie who is aged six and living with her aunt Atie in Haiti. Born after her mother, Martine was sexually molested. Danticat puts together a narrative of a young woman of Haitian origin coming to terms with her mother, her nation, and her own identity. Sophie’s mother, Martine, leaves her behind with her aunt since she is trying to pull through from her problems. At only twelve, Sophie’s mother sends for her to come reside with her in America. Nonetheless Sophie refuses to go as her mother forced her to undergo a traditional virginity test. At18, Sophie falls in love with Joseph, a neighbor who is much older. Joseph is a musician whom Martine does not approve of. Consequently, Sophie is not able to forget the truth that her mother made her undergo the test and each time she sleeps with he r husband she likely remembers the testing. Martine and Sophie begin to work on their mother-daughter bond and problems they have faced all through their lives. The story however has a tragic ending leaving readers in suspense if Sophie learns to accept the bond with mother. At 12, she is to joins her mother as she moves from an impoverished town of Croix-des-Rosets to America to live with her. However there are hidden memories from Haiti buried away that afflict both Sophie and her alienated insomniac mother (Danticat, pg. 85). She uncovers hidden secrets no child ought to ever make out, that her mother is distraught from a rape ordeal that happened years ago. Later when Sophie is all grown up and has a family of her own, she realizes that her mother condition is worsening. Neither Sophie nor Martine can run away from the burden of the past, which ultimately leads to sexual trauma, bulimia, insomnia and mental torture
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Typical Dreams Essay Example for Free
Typical Dreams Essay Introduction            One way to study dreams is to study their content. This can be done by laboratory studies in which sleepers are awakened during REM sleep and their reports are tape recorded. Subjects can also keep a dream diary in which they write all they can remember about their dreams. These different methods have revealed some interesting facts about the nature of dream content.            What causes you to dream the things you dream? That question cannot be answered as yet (see Rados Cartwright, 1999). Research can point to individual cases where the dream content is obviously related to immediate events in a person’s life, but the reason why a lot of dreams occur is something of a mystery. One explanation of dream content proposes that during REM sleep specific brain neurons are activated, such as those involved in running or laughing or hearing. In an attempt to make sense of this specific neural activation, the brain produces a dream based on a synthesis of the stimulation present. Called the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming, this view does not account for the seemingly random dream content that often occurs, and it is consistent with the neurological changes known to accompany REM sleep (Hobson McCarley, 2001). However, it does not explain the coherence, detail, and purposefulness common to many dreams. Studies of dream content must now recognize that dreamers may alter their content while they are actually dreaming.            For most people, the content of their dreams is beyond their control. How often have you gone to bed wishing you could dream about a particular someone, or afraid you might dream about an especially distressing subject? Sometimes in dreaming we think ourselves that â€Å"this is a dream.†Yet in the morning if we remember the dream and recall thinking that we knew it was a dream at the time, we find that we still accepted the content as plausible, even if events in the dream would be unlikely or impossible in real life. Some people are able to carry this awareness during dreaming a step further: they claim the ability to know when they dreaming and to actually control some or all of the content of their dreams. This is called lucid dreaming. In the past such claims have attracted little interest from dream researchers because there seemed no way to test these assertions. However, working with the sleep research lab at Stanford University, Stephen LaBerge, a lucid dreamer, was able to demonstrate his special ability. LaBerge told the researchers that during the dreams he would suddenly become aware that he was dreaming and that he could signal the researchers of this awareness by a prearranged pattern of eye movements. They agreed on a mixture of horizontal and vertical eye movements that he would use when he knew he was dreaming. The probability that the particular eye movement pattern would appear by chance was infinitesimally small. During the night the researchers watched the EEG records, and in one of the REM sleep periods, to their excitement and delight, they saw the coded eye movement pattern (La Berge et al., 2001). Other lucid dreamers have since been identified and are being studied.            It is known how many people have the ability for lucid dreaming. Surveys based in self-report provide estimates of between 15 and 28%. Laboratory studies of lucid dreaming usually design by asking people if they frequently are aware of their dreams while dreaming. Those who say that they have that ability are tested in the sleep laboratory, and most are able to demonstrate their lucid dreaming ability using some prearranged signal (typically an eye movement code, sometimes a respiration pattern). These studies have found that lucid dreamers are not lucid in all of their dreams; in fact, the majority of their dreams are nonlucid. Many subjects can become aware of their dreaming, but few can manipulate their dream content. Still, some studies have been successful in giving instructions about specific dream content to lucid dreamers and having them dream about those subjects. When lucid dreams occur, they are more likely to be in the longer REM sleep periods toward morning. Researchers hope to discover how lucid dreaming is possible because phenomenon has something interesting implications for our understanding of consciousness. For in essence, the lucid dreamer is partly in one state of consciousness, the dream, and partly in a totally different state of consciousness, the awareness of the dream. A practical application of this research might be an understanding of the process so that many dreamers could learn how to control their dream content (Galvin, 2002). Discussion Why people dream?            Although most dreams do not have overt sexual imagery, Freud nevertheless believed that most adult dreams can be â€Å"traced back by analysis to erotic wishes.†In Freud’s view, a gun, for example, might be a disguised representation of a penis.            Although Freud considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflicts, his critics say that dream interpretation leads down a blind alley. Some contend that even if dreams are symbolic, they can be interpreted almost any way one wishes. Others maintain there is nothing hidden in dreams. A dream about a gun, they say, is a dream about a gun. Even Freud, who loved to smoke cigars, acknowledges that â€Å"sometimes, a cigar is just a cigar.†           Freud’s theory of dreams is giving way to newer theories. One of these sees dreams as information processing: Dreams may help store and remind our day’s experiences. Preceded by stressful experiences, REM sleep rises (Palumbo, 2001). What is more, there is â€Å"consistent and compelling evidence†that REM sleep facilitates memory for unusual or anxiety-arousing material (McGrath Cohen, 1999). In one experiment, people heard unusual phrases before bedtime and then were given a memory test the next morning. If awakened every time they began REM sleep, they remembered less than if awakened during other sleep stages (Empson Clarke, 2000). A night of solid sleep (and dreaming) does, it seems, have a justifiable place in a student’s life.            Another reason why we dream is because of physiological function. Perhaps dreams give the dead to the world brain with periodic stimulation. Stimulating experiences and develops and preserves the brain’s neural pathways. This theory makes sense from a developmental point of view. Infants, whose neural networks are just developing, spend a great deal of time in REM sleep.            Still other physiological theories propose that dreams occur from neural activity that scatters upward from the brainstem. According to one version, this neural activity is random, (Hobson, 2002). Psychologists Martin Seligman and Amy Yellen (1999) note that the seconds-long bursts of rapid eye movements during REM sleep coincide with bursts of brain activity, people report vivid experiences, usually dramatic hallucinations.            Given these visual scenes, our cognitive machinery weaves a story line. Mix in the emotional tone provided by the limbic system (which becomes active during REM sleep) andâ€â€voila!â€â€we dream. This helps explain many of our dream experiences, such as the sudden and bizarre changes in scene (triggered by a new visual burst). Dream reports by Seligman’s University of Pennsylvania students confirm that the most vivid dream images are the surprising, discontinuous aspects of the dream; other less vivid images we presumably conjure up to string the visual bursts together.            The function of dreams provokes vigorous debate, but the disputants all agree that we need REM sleep. Deprived of it by repeated awakenings, people return more and more quickly to the REM stage after falling back to sleep. When finally allowed to sleep undisturbed, the literally sleep like babies, with increased REM sleepâ€â€a phenomenon called REM rebound. The withdrawal of REM-suppressing sleeping medications also increases REM sleep, but with accompanying nightmares. Most other mammals also experiences REM sleep and REM rebound. Animals’ need for REM sleep suggests that its causes and functions are deeply biological. That REM sleep occurs in mammals (and not in animals such as fish, whose behavior is less influenced by learning) also fits the information-processing theory of dreams. All of which serves to remind us once again of a basic lesson: Biological and psychological explanations of behavior are partners, not competitors. III. Conclusion            The interpretation or analysis of dreams remains one of the most controversial topics in psychology. A number of disparate views on this subject exist, ranging from the notion that all dreams are interpretable in a psychoanalytic framework to the idea that dream content is essentially randomly generated from the memory stores of the brain and thus meaningless. We adopt a position somewhere in the middle of this controversy, we believe that dreams have meanings and somebody can interpret it. _________________________________________________________________ References: Rados, R., Cartwright, R.D. (1999). Where do dreams come from? A comparison of presleep and REM sleep thematic content. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, 433-436. Hobson, J.A. McCarley, R.W. (2001). The brain as a dream state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 1335-1348. La Berge, S. et al., (2001). Lucid dreaming: Physiological correlates of consciousness during REM sleep. Journal of Mind Behavior, 7, 251-258. Galvin, R. M. (2002). Control of Dreams may be possible for a resolute few. Smithsonian, pp. 110-117. Palumbo, S.R.  (2001). Dreaming and memory: A new information-processing model. New York: Basic Books. (p. 157). McGrath, M.J., Cohen, D.G. (1999). REM sleep facilitation of adaptive waking behavior: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 24-57. (157). Empson, J.A.C., Clarke, P.R.F. (2000). Rapid eye movements and remembering. Nature, 227, 287-288. (p. 157). Hobson, J.A. (2002). The dreaming brain. New York: Basic Books. (p.158).
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Catch-22 and the Theme of Death Essay -- Catch-22
Catch-22 and the Theme of Death  There are many ways for a man to die, but there is no way to bring him back after he has entered the world of dead. Catch-22 is a novel satirizing war, and because of this, it inevitably has a strong underlying theme of death. But unlike many war novels, Catch-22 doesn't use violent depictions of fighting or bloody death scenes to denounce the evils of war; it utilizes humor and irony to make an arguably more effective point. And even more importantly, Catch-22 is ultimately a novel about hope, not death. Although the inevitability of death is still a prominent motif, it eventually leads the main character, Yossarian, to realize that the desire to live is important and also that he can't simply live; he must live free of hypocrisy and oppression.     Nately's whore plays a major part in conveying the message about life and death in Catch-22, even though she doesn't become an important character until the novel nears its climax. Although Yossarian is only the messenger bearing the bad news of Nately's death, Nately's whore holds him responsible and follows him back to Pianosa in an attempt to murder him. Yossarian manages to repeatedly escape from her, but only as long as he continues to disobey the illogical and immoral rules of the military. When he agrees to meet with Colonel Cathcart and Colonel Korn, she catches him and seriously injures him. This may imply that by submitting to the oppression of the bureaucratic military system, Yossarian is only headed towards death and disaster. And in the midst of Yossarian's final revelation and his decision to desert the military, Nately's whore was hiding behind a door, ready to stab him. But ... ...but the desire to live is the most important impulse a man can have. But Yossarian can't live a life of hypocrisy or oppression under the military; this is what finally pushes him to desert. The knowledge that Orr finally paddled all the way to Sweden gives him hope, and he sees the only path he can take to be free. He knows it will be difficult, but he knows there is no alternative for him.     Although Catch-22 is a novel about war, it is not only about death. The message it ultimately conveys is one of hope. Yossarian finally realizes that the basic instinct to survive is the most important quality of a man, and that he must follow his impulse and escape from the military, which will only lead him to his death. Catch-22 may allow the military to do whatever the people can't stop it from doing, but it can't destroy hope. Â
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Major Factors for a Successful Exhibition Essay
Visitors are the lifeblood of any successful exhibition. Exhibitors expect to meet visitors so they can do business with. Organizers need visitors to visit their exhibitions’ so they can encourage exhibitors to join their exhibitions, therefore making positive financial returns. On the 28-31 October this year, the HKTDC will organize an international furniture fair at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition centre. The most successful companies in this exhibition will be the ones that take advantage of the knowledge the event organizers have to offer, and then successfully communicate that knowledge to the project team that will design all the elements that will be present within the display booth. Other factors for a successful exhibition in the eyes of the exhibitor include but not limited to the following †¢Establish meaningfully goals, and come up with a strong and reliable strategy that will achieve your goals. †¢Put into practice powerful and unforgettable marketing initiatives before, during, and after the exhibition. Choose the best type of exhibit display booth that meets your goals and promotional needs as well as your budgetary requirements. †¢Effectively make use of display accessories, banners, graphics, lighting, booth design, and materials to heighten visibility and drive sales. †¢Hand out Promotional products that complement your company image. †¢Ensure those working the show are well trained to fully represent your company, generate leads, and secure sales. Through the eyes of the organizer the key factors of a successful exhibition is when all the exhibition goals have been achieved or completed. Some of those goals I have listed below †¢Pre-promotional strategy as meet it objectives by providing enough interest in the exhibition †¢All the allocated floor space as been taken up by exhibitors †¢Visitors count by surpassed the expected amount †¢Feedback from exhibitors is good and bookings are taken for the following year †¢Nothing unexpected happens †¢When organizers receive recognition for their exhibition A well organized event will enhance awareness, help to capture new business leads and advance customer relationships
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Juvenile Delinquency
Juvenile Delinquency 1 Juvenile Delinquency: Features, Causes and Solutions Shen Cheng Class: 110 Teacher: Stephanie February 29, 2012 Juvenile Delinquency 2 Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Nowadays, there is no denying that Juvenile Delinquency has become one of the hottest social issues. The features, causes, and solutions of Juvenile Delinquency will be discussed about in this research. II. The features of Juvenile Delinquency A. The average age of juveniles who commit crimes tends to be lower B. Knowledge level of the juvenile offenders is low C. Juvenile offenders get involved in sinister gangs and tend to be in groups.D. Juvenile delinquency is prone to be more violent. E. Criminal means of juvenile offenders are more mature. F. Juvenile delinquency is occasional and at random III. The causes of Juvenile Delinquency A. Social factors. B. Family factors C. School factors D. Individual factors IV. The solutions to Juvenile Delinquency A. Prevention from individual B. Pr evention from family C. Prevention from school Juvenile Delinquency 3 D. Prevention from society E. Prevention from justice V. Conclusion Juvenile Delinquency 4 Abstract With the development of economics and the improvement of society, the rate of juvenile delinquency is at a high level.Juvenile delinquency has already been a very hot social issue nowadays. The causes of juvenile delinquency have been summarized in this research, such as personal? family? school and society factors; what features juvenile delinquency have and how we can control the delinquency effectively so that the youths can grow up healthily have also been discussed in this research. Keywords: juvenile delinquency, causes, features, control. Juvenile Delinquency 5 Juvenile Delinquency In recent years, juvenile delinquency has been a prominent social issue and attracted the attention of the whole society at the same time.Experts, scholars and volunteers who are enthusiastic about the prevention of juvenile delinq uency have come up with a lot of insightful ideas about how to control juvenile crimes. However, it’s still not that effective to decrease the high rate of juvenile delinquents. According to statistics, not only did the number of juvenile delinquency increase, but also the types of juvenile delinquency have become varied. Juvenile delinquency occupies the highest proportion of all crimes. It accounts for more than 70% of the total.The percentage of juvenile (under 15 years old) committing crimes accounts for more than 70% of the juvenile criminal cases (Bang. 2004). Today, the juvenile crime has been regarded as the world's third largest public nuisance. Juvenile delinquency not only endangers public security, but also affects a country's stability. Therefore, how to prevent and control juvenile delinquency effectively has become an essential task of the whole human society. To solve this problem, we must know about the characteristics and causes of juvenile delinquency so th at we can find appropriate methods to solve this problem effectively.The features of Juvenile Delinquency 1. The average age of juveniles who commit crimes tends to be lower. A few years ago, the average age of juveniles committing crime was still older than 17, but now the average age is only about 15. 7 years (Gao. 2010). Juvenile Delinquency 6 2. The education level of the juvenile offenders is low Most juvenile offenders have a low education level and some of them are even illiterate. Lack of education makes them have wrong values and attitude towards life, which causes them to commit crime at last. Lack of education is a major feature of juvenile delinquency. . Juvenile offenders get involved in sinister gangs and tend to be in groups. On the one hand, young people are short of adequate physical strength, intelligence, courage and experience. That’s why committing crimes individually is often difficult to succeed.They are more likely to commit crimes together with other members. On the other hand, young people are much eager to get what they can’t have both in schools and families. Then some idle people take advantage of them and divide them into small groups which usually form the predecessor of criminal gangs (Abruzzese. 1997). . Juvenile delinquency is prone to be more violent. According to statistics, property crime is the main type of juvenile delinquency. The top five crimes are: robbery, rape, theft, intentional injury causing death, and murder. The young offenders nowadays use more cruel criminal means to achieve their objectives than before (McNeece. & Roberts. 1997)5. Criminal means of juvenile offenders are more mature. Modus operandi of juvenile offenders inclines towards being more â€Å"mature. †Juvenile crimes in the past were mostly along with less criminal circumstances than Juvenile Delinquency 7 oday. In recent years, young offenders would prefer rigorous plans and clear division of who does what in their crimina l behaviors. Today, young offenders seem to have a clear understanding of what they are doing, and some are even experienced in committing crimes (Li. 2007). 6. Juvenile delinquency is occasional and at random As young people are immature in both mental and physical growth, it’s common to see that they have frequent emotional fluctuations. Failing to understand things right and objectively and strong desires to monopolize make them easy to go on extreme ways.They would take some crazy actions on the spur of the moment which may harm other innocent people badly. The causes 1. Social factors. The social reality scenes are corrupting young people’s innocent hearts. Juveniles can’t live without a colorful world which also is full of various temptations. It’s inevitable that disharmonious and evil phenomena exist along with the rapid development of economics and spiritual civilization. First, numerous students graduated from colleges can’t find a job, w hich made bad impacts on young people’s motivation to study, even worse they may be against or give up learning.High unemployment rate causes that a lot of adolescents to have nothing to do. Going on in this way, these young dawdlers would have tendency to commit crimes. Second, films, televisions and the internet can spread unhealthy things, like violence, Juvenile Delinquency 8 obscenity and so forth. For example, there was a kidnapping case which happened five years ago, the criminal suspect Zhenghong Lin(20 years old) and Cai Jiang(19 years old) watched a famous Hong Kong drama â€Å"You can’t be an abscond forever†and then imitated the way how to kidnap in the drama.They abducted their friend’s father Mr Wu , a mine owner , for RMB 60,0000 (Yu. 2010). Third, the obvious wealth gap and the wrong value â€Å"money is supreme†actually influence youths. Fourth, theft? robbery? pornography? gambling? fighting and other criminal cases which happen in our community have also influenced juveniles directly. 2. Family factors. Undesirable family education and indifferent family environment can result in irreversible harm to juveniles. The family is the first class of young people; parents are the first teachers. A proper family education is extremely important for youths to grow healthily.Incorrect home education will cause serious psychological blocks to adolescents and then they will finally form a wrong view of life. First, parental discord, divorce, frequent quarrels, offensive words and destructive behavior will lead to mental harm to juveniles; second, family’s financial problems will limit the child’s pocket money and also make him feel inferior in front of other children who have wealthy families. Hence, some children will get what they want in an extreme way, like stealing and mugging. Third, the methods of parental education are violent and crude.Some parents either scold or beat their children when they make mistakes indeliberately or they fail exams. This heavy stress will definitely cause mental Juvenile Delinquency 9 problems to those immature adolescents; fourth, some parents’ behaviors are out of order, like fooling around, gambling and excessive drinking, which will affect the juveniles’ world view badly; fifth, some parents spoil children and ignore the ideological and moral education, which will make these spoiled young people hard to accept by the society and eventually do something wrongful.If one person grows up in those inappropriate environments, his loneliness, low self-esteem, resentment and arrogance can easily be exploited by bad guys and he will commit crimes eventually. 3. School factors On the one hand, some middle and high schools are not capable of offering overall education. Those schools pay too much attention on academic records so that they ignore legal and mental education to juveniles, especially in some remote rural places. On the other ha nd, some irresponsible teachers who have low qualities often insult students and abuse corporal punishment.These extremely excessive actions will hurt innocent juveniles seriously since they are not mature enough to react and protect themselves correctly. These reasons also contribute to increasing delinquency rate because of youths’ resentment to school, even the society (Galaway. 1995) 4. Individual factors Young people are at the immature stage, both physically and mentally. Their ability to distinguish between right and wrong is not good enough and self-control is weak. Besides, they are also not capable of avoiding external temptations.What’s more, juveniles behave impulsively and have strong ability to imitate. Juvenile Delinquency 10 That’s why youths will be easily tempted to commit the crime. The solutions to Juvenile Delinquency In order to prevent and control juvenile delinquency validly, the society, families and schools should take the responsibilit y and find efficient measures to help the young generation grow healthily. 1. Prevention from individual Even though young people are mentally and physically immature, they still have to handle problems and distinguish what is right or wrong.Families and school teachers should train them to comply with the law and ethics, establish a correct outlook on life, enhance the ability to protect themselves and resist the temptation of criminal behaviors consciously. 2. Prevention from family The family is the cornerstone to control juvenile delinquency, which plays an absolutely significant role in the entire education system. Adolescents’ parents should take the initiative to absorb all kinds of knowledge first, such as legal knowledge, moral knowledge and things about how to educate children well.Only keep this way can parents be qualified to guide and influence their children properly. What’s more, parents neither have to spoil their children nor push so much pressure to a dolescents. Instead, parents should also pay attention on children’s moral education, not just on the academic achievements. 3. Prevention from school Juvenile Delinquency 11 It’s impossible for youngsters to grow healthily without school. More legal education should be provided by school. The youngsters must be taught to communicate with parents and teachers when facing unlawful attacks.Necessary skills to avoid dangers are also essential. In addition, teachers have to respect juveniles, care about them and give assistance when they need. Scolding and corporal punishment must be forbidden at school. 4. Prevention from society Building a favorable social environment for young people to grow healthily is one of the most important tasks in our society. Government shoulders the responsibility to create more job opportunities for youths, reduce the unemployment rate of young people and minimize the effects of eroticism and violence on youngsters.Besides, media should promo te more affirmative things, because positive publicity is helpful for juveniles to establish positive life attitudes (Gao. 2010). 5. Prevention from justice Improvement of legislation is a critical method to prevent juvenile delinquency. The government should consummate the legal system to protect young people’s rights and make all people realize that there would be a serious consequence if someone wanted to hurt the youths or tempted them to go the wrong ways (Kang. 2008). Conclusion Consequently, young people are the future of a nation. Whether they can grow healthily matters most to a nation’s destiny.After analyzing the features and causes of Juvenile Delinquency 12 juvenile delinquency, we find that it’s an arduous and pressing work to control juvenile delinquency effectively. Hence, we should gather all useful methods which come from family, school and society to create an ideal environment for youths to grow healthily and keep away from committing crimes. Juvenile Delinquency 13 References Abruzzese, G. (1997). Juvenile Crime: Approaching the Millennium. Journal of Delinquency now, 1 (5):23-25 Bang, H. (2004). Criminal Psychology. Beijing: Science Press Galaway, B. , et al. (1995).Specialized foster family care for delinquent youth. Federal Probation 59 (30): 19-27. Gao, L. (2010). How to build defense system of Juvenile Delinquency. Beijing: Modern Communication. Kang,S. (2008). Ten Years’ Research of Juvenile Delinquency. Chongqing: Chongqing Publishers. Li, S. (2007). Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency’s Causes and Characteristics. Beijing: Peking University Publishers. McNeece, C. , & Roberts, A. (1997). Policy & Practice in the Justice System. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall Publishers. Yu, X. (2010). How to suppress factor of unhealthy culture’s effects to Juvenile. Beijing: RUC Publishers. .
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Russian revolutions essays
Russian revolutions essays The word at the beginning of the 20th century Russian Revolutions. Nicholas inherited the role of Tsar off his father in 1855, when his father Nicholas I passed away. Tsar Nicholas did not have the abilities to be a natural autocrat. He considered it his duty to act as autocrat. Nicholas tried to keep power. This produced a highly inefficient form of government and the First World War threw these weaknesses into sharp relict. By the end the Tsar had managed to ensure his isolation from virtually all sections of Russias society. Nicholas had the backing of a large and inefficient bureaucracy, but remained supreme. The state police and the army enforced his will, and his officials controlled education and censored the press. A duma, or parliament, was set up but the Tsar was able to appoint and dismis ministers at will. After the attempted revolution in 1905, in which there was many assassinations of ministers and members of the royal family Tsar Nicholas showed no indication to carry out reforms. Tsar Nicholas was an unintelligent family man who was completely unsuited to being the autocratic ruler of 140 million people. Nicholas was easily influenced by others and he lacked the determination to carry out serious changes in Russia. Tsar Nicholas believed that it was his duty to pass on the power he had inherited to his son. Nicholas married Alexandra, who was a Granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She was believed to be a German spy. She was also believed to have had an affair with Gregory Rasputin. The Tsar was under great influence of the Tsarina. Tsar Nicholas was killed, with his family, on the 2nd of March 1917. Nicholas II inherited from his ancestors not only a giant empire but also a revolution. And they did not bequeath him one quality, which would have made him capable of...
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
How and When to Bring Up Personal Issues When Applying for Jobs
How and When to Bring Up Personal Issues When Applying for Jobs So you’re applying for jobs, but you have some serious needs based on personal considerations: you’re pregnant, or have kids, or require a particular kind of flexibility in order to maintain your work/life balance. Or perhaps you’re moving across the country, or you need to have a position somewhere close to your partner. You name it, you’re probably struggling with finding the right time to bring it up. Here are three stages in the job process and an outline of how and when to bring up personal issues when applying for jobs. Happy hunting!In Your Resume Cover LetterSay the company has boasted about their super-casual work culture and flexible hours. You’re allowed to work at a beanbag and take three-hour lunches as long as you get your projects done. Or they have a fantastic family leave package and you’re planning to have a kid soon. You’re secretly doing a happy dance, but you really shouldn’t show it. At least not yet.Sayin g how important flexibility and leave and casual scheduling might be to you could be interpreted by a hiring manager as a red flag in a cover letter. â€Å"Ahoy! This guy is lazy and doesn’t really want to do the job!†Save it for much later in the process. Or just be glad you found this opportunity and keep the celebration to yourself.During an InterviewThe good news is they’re already interested. The bad is that you could easily blow it by asking about any of the above with too much eagerness or glee. It’s still not the time to say, â€Å"Hang on†¦ how many personal days do I get?†Or: â€Å"So I get how many weeks off for maternity leave?†Stick with convincing them that you’re the most qualified candidate for the position and an asset to the company. Render yourself indispensable and then take advantage of the sweet perks this company can offer. When you get to the point in the interview when you’re invited to ask quest ions, you can casually inquire about the work atmosphere or culture, but that’s about it.During NegotiationYou got the offer! Yes! Now is the time. If you’re, say, pregnant, or moving in a year, or in need of Friday mornings off to watch your kids, this is the ideal stage to broach the subject. There’s no right time, really, and you’ll probably be dreading it. But take a deep breath and say how delighted you are about the offer, then say you just have one small complication you wanted to make sure you addressed up front.If you get to such an advanced stage, however, you should make sure you’ve got the right read on the company. You won’t make any friends by asking for things the company just can’t or won’t provide. Pick your marks and shoot straight and steadily for them.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
AMERICAN HISTORY SINCE 1865 TO 1900 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
AMERICAN HISTORY SINCE 1865 TO 1900 - Essay Example ples of this differential in overall levels of freedom exists with regards to the period in time following the conclusion of the Civil War and the turn of the 20th century. As a function of this unique reality and the differentials and freedom that were existing for whites and blacks during this unique period in American history, the following analysis will seek to analyze these differentials so that the reader may gain a more informed and realistic interpretation of how they impacted upon such people and the far-reaching historical ramifications that these differentials had and continue to have. Firstly and most obviously, African-Americans were able to experience freedom from slavery as a direct result of collusion of the Civil War. Although this statement seems the very matter of fact, the overall an underlying importance that it holds should not be misunderstood. Prior to 1865, at least in areas that were controlled by the Confederacy, the practice of slavery had reduced nearly all legal and democratic rights of African-Americans and place them on a level that was comparable to property. As can reasonably be expected, the overall humanitarian, democratic, legal, and egalitarian effects that this had were profound. Yet, once freedom was one and the process of slavery was abolished, it cannot be stated that African-Americans within the deep South, or anywhere else in the country for that matter, suddenly realized drastic improvement in the overall quality of life or level of freedom that they could immediately express. As a result of the horrors of the Civil War, large sections of the South were laid waste. Cities were burned, infrastructure was destroyed, working aged men and business owners were dead, and resources that could be directed to capital investment were otherwise lost. As such, even though freedom existed for these African-Americans, at least in terms of no longer being slaves, the level and extent to which they could express this freedom and seek
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